ABSTRACT
Antipsychotics are a group of psychotropic drugs used as the mainstay treatment for schizophrenia. In Indonesia,studies on the pattern of drug use are still limited, particularly about the rational use of antipsychotics for schizophrenicpatients. This study was aimed to discuss the treatment patterns of antipsychotics and clinical features of inpatientswith schizophrenia. This retrospective study was conducted at the psychiatric ward of a tertiary hospital in Jakarta,Indonesia. The medical records of the inpatients in a year period were recorded. The evaluation of rational useof antipsychotics was assessed using clinical pathway in the hospital and some international guidelines. The datawere documented by using specific forms for the sake of this study. In this study, of the 113 analyzed patients, themost common type of schizophrenia was paranoid, while the common antipsychotics were risperidone (63.7%),haloperidol (20.4%), and quetiapine (19.5%). Surprisingly, we found that 73.4% of patients met one or more criteriaof inappropriateness treatment and majority cause of inappropriateness were inappropriate indication (41.6%). Inthis study, we find out that schizophrenia inpatients were administered to a large number of inappropriate treatments.Knowledge regarding the implementation of clinical pharmacology contributions to the psychiatrists might improvethe prescription’s pattern
ABSTRACT
Curcumin, a lipophilic polyphenol derived from the roots of Curcuma longa. Recently, it has been widely investigatedas a therapeutic agent for cancer. Thus, there is a growing interest in measuring curcumin concentrations in theplasma and other target tissues in relevant animal models. We developed and validated a simple, fast, and reliablemethod for quantifying curcumin in biological matrices by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC)-MassSpectrometry (MS)/MS. The liquid chromatography system is using rapid separation on Acquity UPLC®BEH C18with gradient mobile phase contained formic acid and acetonitrile. Prior to detection, curcumin and internal standard(IS) were ionized using electrospray ionization positive source and the ions were monitored at m/z 369 → 177 and 260→ 183 for curcumin and IS, respectively. The calibration curve was linear (r ≥ 0.99) over the concentration range of1–50 ng/ml and 1–30 ng/ml for rat plasma and for ovary homogenate, respectively. The lower limit of quantificationwas 1 ng/ml. The mean accuracy ranged from 98.9% to 103.2% and 98% to 108.9%, while the coefficient of variation(CV) values of precision in rat plasma were below 11.92% and 10.47% for within and between run, respectively. Inrat ovary homogenate, the mean concentration and CV of within run accuracy and precision were 95.53%–109.78%and 3.34%–9.14%, respectively. The developed method was used to quantify curcumin in rat plasma and ovary afteran oral gavage. In conclusion, the developed and validated method should be useful for quantification of curcuminaccurately and precisely in plasma and target organs from relevant animal models of human diseases.
ABSTRACT
Background: Anthracyclines have been reported to induce cardiotoxicity through mechanisms involving formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), including pentosidine and Nє-(carboxymethyl) lysine (CML). We investigated the potential utility of telmisartan (TML), an angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARB) on anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity. Methods: Three groups of Sprague-Dawley rats were treated as follows: The first group received daunorubicin (DNR) 3 mg/kgBW every alternating day to reach a cumulative dose of 9 mg/kg DNR . The second group received DNR plus TLM at a dose10 mg/kgBW, by oral gavage for 6 weeks, and the third group served as control group (CTL) which only received vehicle of DNR. Mean blood pressure (MBP) peak left ventricular pressure (LVP), LV end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), and intra-ventricular contractility (±dP/dt) were recorded by using Powerlab instrumentation. Ejection fraction (EF), and fractional shortening (FS) were measured by echocardiography. Expression of receptor of AGE (RAGE), pentosidine and CML were measured by immunohistochemistry and Western blot in LV tissue. Results: DNR treatment was associated with significant weakening of some hemodynamic parameters which could be reversed by TML (LVP: 124.3 ± 6.0; 111 ± 7; and 115.1 ± 5.4 mmHg, respectively in CTL, DNR and DNR-TLM groups; LVEDP: 7.5 ± 0.9; 10.7 ± 0.3; 8.7 ± 0.4 mmHg, respectively; +dP/dt: 6813 ± 541; 4800 ± 345; 5950 ± 398 mmHg/s, respectively). The same phenomenons were also observed on echocardiographic parameters (EF: 78.9 ± 1.8; 59.6 ± 1.4; 76.2 ± 2.75 %, resepectively; FS: 42.8 ± 1.7; 29.1 ± 1.3; 41 ± 2.7 %) respectively. Expression of RAGE as well as pentosidine and CML were increased in DNR-rats. TML treatment ameliorated these changes. Conclusion: These results suggested the role of AGE formation in DNR-induced cardiotoxicity and telmisartan could inhibit the progression of cardiac toxicity at least in part by reduction RAGE expressiom.